My previous post got me thinking about the difference (as I see it) between patriotism and nationalism. MacMillan was ineptly trying to parody the latter; Elgar was brilliantly demonstrating the former.
Patriotism is a positive emotion - a "love" of country. Nationalism is a negative emotion. I associate it with militarism (in an aggressive way), xenophobia and selfishness.
When presented with an Abu Ghraib, a patriot is heartbroken: look what they've done to my beloved country's reputation. A nationalist defends it, or in extreme cases, glorifies it. The savages who behead innocent hostages and dance in glee are nationalists. The soldiers who rebuild schools and brave the roadside bombs are patriots.
Luigi Barzini, in "The Europeans" contrasted the quiet, homely sentiments the British used to express in such patriotic songs as "There'll Always Be An England" where ever there's a country lane, "We'll Meet Again" on some sunny day, there'll be blue skies over "The White Cliffs of Dover" with the bombastic, nationalistic "France will always be France" sentiment expressed across the channel (ie. we are great, no matter what).
You can tell the patriotic songs from the nationalistic ones too. The former are emotional, soaring and evocative; the latter tend to have more of a rhythmic beat to them.
Patriotic: "Land of Hope and Glory", "Battle Hymn of the Republic", "Jerusalem","The Soviet National Anthem"
Nationalistic: "Deutschland, Deutschland Uber Alles", "Le Marsailles","Rule Britannia"
Mind you, I like Rule Britannia too...